By the Civil War, work patterns in America A) made employer-employee relations more personal. B) made workers feel less vulnerable to the laws of supply and demand. C) emphasized the division and specialization of labor to increase productivity. D) increased the importance of skilled craftsmanship. ANSWER C
Compared to the seventeenth century, colonial American society in 1750 was characterized by A) a narrowing gap between the rich and poor. B) widespread ownership of farm property. C) the fading of social class distinctions. D) a shorter life expectancy and higher death rate. ANSWER B
The greatest success for workingmen and women generated by early nineteenth-century labor protest was the campaign for A) land reform. B) the ten-hour workday. C) workingmen’s compensation laws. D) a minimum wage. ANSWER B
Who was the American student of science who proved the disease-preventing effects of inoculation? A) John Cotton B) Benjamin Franklin C) John Locke D) Cotton Mather ANSWER D
One of the more prominent itinerant preachers of the eighteenth century was A) Nathaniel Bacon. B) George Whitefield. C) William Pitt. D) John Trenchard. ANSWER B
The so-called “walking cities” of the mid-nineteenth century were A) geographically compact and crowded. B) carefully divided into shopping, industrial, and residential zones. C) residentially segregated by social class. D) All of the above. ANSWER A
In the pre-Civil War South, most A) whites owned slaves. B) slaveholders did not own more than five slaves. C) slaves worked on small farms. D) All of the above. ANSWER B
William Pitt’s strategy for pursuing the French and Indian War involved A) blockading French ports. B) concentrating his military efforts on the North American continent. C) enlisting German mercenaries. D) working for a negotiated settlement. ANSWER B
Of the following, the LEAST pressing problem of new immigrants to American cities in the late nineteenth century was inadequate A) police protection. B) housing. C) sanitation services. D) transportation facilities. ANSWER D
Puritans were more likely than southern colonists to engage in games and sports that A) offered opportunities for betting. B) were non-competitive. C) had standardized rules. D) demonstrated physical prowess. ANSWER B