The researcher’s efforts to maximize benefits and minimize risks refer to the research subject’s right to: a. anonymity and confidentiality. b. fair treatment. c. protection from discomfort and harm. d. self-determination. ESSAYBID ANSWER ANS: C The right to protection from discomfort and harm from a study is based on the ethical principle of beneficence, […]
The safeguard mechanism by which even the researcher cannot link the participant with the information provided is called: a. anonymity. b. confidentiality. c. informed consent. d. right to privacy. ESSAYBID ANSWER ANS: A Complete anonymity exists if the subject’s identity cannot be linked, even by the researcher, with his or her individual responses. Confidentiality […]
A research subject reported to a nurse that he was not receiving as much physical therapy as his friend who was not in the study. Which human right needs to be investigated? a. Anonymity b. Fair treatment c. Privacy d. Self-determination ESSAYBID ANSWER ANS: B The right to fair treatment suggests that people should […]
In a study in which nurses rated weekend versus weekday work schedule preference, the researcher permitted nursing administrators to examine the raw data. Which human right was violated? a. Confidentiality b. Fair treatment c. Protection from harm d. Self-determination ESSAYBID ANSWER ANS: A A breach of confidentiality occurs when a researcher, by accident or […]
In a study of patients experiencing arthritis, the researcher used real names in the field notes. Which human right was violated? a. Fair treatment b. Privacy c. Protection from discomfort d. Self-determination ESSAYBID ANSWER ANS: B Privacy is the freedom an individual has to determine the time, extent, and general circumstances under which private […]
One example of a research population with diminished autonomy (vulnerability) would be: a. college students. b. members of a senior citizen center. c. mentally ill patients. d. middle-aged women. ESSAYBID ANSWER ANS: C Children, the mentally impaired, and unconscious patients are legally and mentally incompetent to give informed consent. College students would not be […]
If a researcher unobtrusively observes interactions among patients in a psychiatric hospital for the purposes of data collection, which human right may be violated? a. Confidentiality b. Freedom from harm c. Justice d. Self-determination ESSAYBID ANSWER ANS: D Self-determination means the researcher informed subjects about the study, allowed them to choose whether or not […]
The provision that research be differentiated to potential subjects as therapeutic or nontherapeutic is a part of the: a. Declaration of Helsinki. b. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare regulations. c. National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects ordinance. d. Nuremberg Code. ESSAYBID ANSWER ANS: A A major focus of the Declaration of […]
The first internationally recognized effort to establish ethical standards was the: a. Belmont Report from NIH. b. Declaration of Helsinki. c. Institutional review board code. d. Nuremberg Code. ESSAYBID ANSWER ANS: D The mistreatment of the Nazi prisoners of war during World War II led to the development of the Nuremberg Code in 1949. […]
Which of the following identified the ethical principles of respect for persons, beneficence, and justice as relevant to the conduct of research using human subjects in the United States? a. Declaration of Helsinki b. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare regulations c. National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects ordinance d. Nuremberg Code […]
