Which of the following themes are common in the definitions of nursing

Which of the following themes are common in the definitions of nursing?

1. Adaptive.
2. Client-centered.
3. Goal-directed according to the needs of the client.
4. Diagnosis and treatment of disease.
5. An art.
6. A science

ANSWER

Correct Answer: 1,2,5,6
Rationale: Adaptive; client-centered; art; science; holistic; caring; concerned with health promotion, health maintenance, and health restoration; and a helping profession are themes that are common to many definitions formulated about nursing. In 1973, the American Nurses Association (ANA) described nursing practice as goal-oriented and adaptable to the needs of the individual, the family, and the community (not just the client). In 1980, the ANA’s definition was changed to “Nursing is the diagnosis and treatment of the human responses to actual or potential health problems.” Diagnosis and treatment of disease is a definition of the medical model.