Which of the following is an example of a nonstochastic theory of agin

Which of the following is an example of a nonstochastic theory of aging?

a. Cross-link theory
b. Error theory
c. Free radical theory
d. Immunologic theory
e. Somatic mutation theory
f.
Wear and tear theory

ESSAYBID ANSWER

ANS: D
All the theories except one are stochastic theories, that is, theories that are based on the assumption that events occur randomly and accumulate over time, which results in aging. The only nonstochastic theory, which views aging as predetermined, is the immunologic theory.