Which of the following clients presents with an increased risk for uri

Which of the following clients presents with an increased risk for urinary incontinence? (Select all that apply.)

1. The 74-year-old diagnosed with parkinsonism 5 years ago
2. The 25-year-old with Crohn’s disease diagnosed 4 years ago
3. The 62-year-old Alzheimer’s disease client diagnosed 8 years ago
4. The 34-year-old mother of two diagnosed with multiple sclerosis 8 years ago
5. The 73-year-old diagnosed with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) 6 years ago
6. The 69-year-old client diagnosed with type 2 diabetes 9 years ago

ANSWER

ANS: 1, 3, 4, 5, 6
Many diseases and conditions affect the ability to micturate. Diabetes mellitus and multiple scle-rosis cause changes in nerve functions that can lead to possible loss of bladder tone, reduced sensation of bladder fullness, or inability to inhibit bladder contractions. Older men often suffer from BPH, which makes them prone to urinary retention and incontinence. Some clients with cognitive impairments, such as Alzheimer’s disease, lose the ability to sense a full bladder or are unable to recall the procedure for voiding. Diseases that slow or hinder physical activity interfere with the ability to void. Degenerative joint disease and parkinsonism are examples of conditions that make it difficult to reach and use toilet facilities. Crohn’s disease is gastrointestinal in nature and does not directly affect micturition.