Which of the following clients is at risk for fluid, electrolyte, and

Which of the following clients is at risk for fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base imbalances? (Select all that apply.)

1. 50-year-old with hypertension
2. 36-year-old with schizophrenia
3. 40-year-old with a fractured femur
4. 15-month-old with diarrhea for 2 days
5. 76-year-old with advanced Alzheimer’s disease
6. 25-year-old with partial-thickness burns over 40% of the body

ANSWER

ANS: 1, 3, 4, 5, 6
When there is a loss of body fluids because of burns, illnesses, or trauma, the client is also at risk for electrolyte imbalance. In addition, electrolyte imbalance may occur from vomiting, diarrhea, or a client’s inability to communicate fluid needs, resulting in acid-base disturbances. Trauma, disease, and medications (e.g., diuretics) all contribute to alterations in fluid, electrolyte, and ac-id-base balance. Schizophrenia itself is not a risk for fluid, electrolyte, or acid-base imbalances.