The nurse is working with a new mother who will require surgery. The f

The nurse is working with a new mother who will require surgery. The follow-up treatment will interfere with bonding. In applying Freud’s theory, the nurse recognizes that the stage of devel-opment that may be affected is the:

1. Oral stage
2. Anal stage
3. Phallic stage
4. Latent stage

ANSWER

ANS: 1
According to Freud, disruption in the physical or emotional availability of the parent for the newborn (e.g., undergoing surgery) will affect the oral stage of development; the anal stage is from 12 to 18 months to 3 years, when the child is toilet-training; the phallic stage is from 3 to 6 years of age, when the child becomes interested in the genital organs; and the latent stage is from 6 to 12 years, when the child represses sexual urges and channels them into productive activities that are socially acceptable.