The Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) (a) was the first permanent

The Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC)

(a) was the first permanent independent federal regulatory agency.
(b) was established because, given the interstate nature of railroads, the regulation the public demanded from the states simply passed to the federal government.
(c) initially lacked the power to set railroad rates, but its founding marked the beginning of a kind
of federal government power capable of almost infinite expansion.
(d) is best described by all of the above.

ANSWER

(d)