The emphasis upon export surpluses in mercantilist theory (a) is also

The emphasis upon export surpluses in mercantilist theory

(a) is also called the “beggar-thy-neighbor policy” and a “favorable” balance of trade.
(b) was thought to be a good thing by business people because it meant that more money was circulating and more money meant higher prices and brisk trade.
(c) was thought to be a good thing by governments because it created brisk trade which yielded higher tax revenues than did slack trade.
(d) is characterized by all of the above.

ANSWER

(d)