The abstract is written in block format

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Running head: SHORTENED TITLE1Paper TitleAuthorName of the UniversitySubmission DateSHORTENED TITLE2AbstractThe abstract is written in block format, meaning that the start of the paragraph is not indented. Itbegins on the next line following the Abstract heading and should not be more than 250 words.As an undergraduate, it is suggested that you verify the length of the abstract with your instructor(it is usually a FULL paragraph), but a graduate student must adhere to the 120 to 250 wordabstract. The Abstract heading should NOT be in bold. All numbers in an abstract should betyped as digits and not as words unless they are at the beginning of a sentence. The abstract is aone-paragraph summary of the most important elements of the paper. This is an example of whatan abstract looks like in a paper. Remember, it usually takes a minimum of 5 sentences to makea paragraph. If your paper is too short to warrant an abstract, delete this page and omit the titleon the next page.SHORTENED TITLE3Title of PaperThe title of the paper is centered on the first line of the third page and is in uppercase andlowercase letters. Do not italicize the title, bold it, or put it in quotes. The introductory paragraphbegins on the line following the title of the paper. The entire paper, including the title page,abstract, body, and references, should be double-spaced. The before/after paragraphs spacingshould be set on zero and the margins should be one inch.In order to give proper credit to the ideas and words of others, any outside sources used inthe body of the paper must be documented by citing the author(s) and copyright date of thesource(s). This is called a citation. Each citation must have a corresponding full sourcereference on the references page that follows the body of the paper. As noted by Stevens (2008),a signal phrase “signals to the reader that either a direct quote or a paraphrase is about to follow”(p.43). This is an in-text citation. As in this example, when the name of the author is part of thesentence, the year of the publication appears in parentheses directly following the author’s name,e.g., Stevens (2008). When the author of a source is not mentioned in the sentence, both theauthor and year of publication appear in parentheses (Stevens, 2008). This is a parenthetical intext citation. If a work has two authors, both authors are cited in each citation of that source.For a citation of a source with two authors, use the last names of both authors separated by anampersand (&). When no author is listed, use the title. If the title is extremely long, one mayshorten it to the first 4 words of the title and place them in quotation marks. If the headings aretoo long to use in your in-text citation use a shortened version in quotation marks like this:(Lorraine, 2009, “Stock market trends,” para. 56). When no publication date is listed, use theabbreviation n.d., which stands for no date. When a direct quote is taken from a source withpage numbers, such as a book, magazine, or newspaper, include the page number as part of theSHORTENED TITLEcitation. If the quote is fewer than 40 words, it should be enclosed in double quotation marksand should be incorporated into the formal structure of the sentence.If the quotation that you are using is more than 40 words long, you must use a blockquotation. This is a block paragraph. In a block paragraph, you should not use anyquotations at all unless they are needed to indicate a quotation within the original text.(“APA Block Quotation,” n.d.) Note: Citations that start with titles are in quotes and thetitle can be shortened but should also be in quotes to designate that it is a title.If you have a direct quote but your source does not have page numbers but does giveparagraph numbers, then you would give the paragraph number to show where you found yourquote. It would look like this: (Franklin, 2009, para. 9). If there are not any page numbers orparagraph numbers but headings are given, then give the heading and the number of theparagraph that follows it. You will need to count the paragraphs yourself since the numbers arenot given. That would look like this: (Franklin, 2009, Past Research section, para. 9).The references section begins on a new page. The heading is centered on the first line ofthe new page. It is not in bold, not in italics, nor underlined. The references, which are doublespaced, have a hanging indent and begin on the line following the references heading. Entriesare organized alphabetically by whatever comes first in the reference (author last name or firstword of title). Go to the next page to see an example of a reference page.4SHORTENED TITLE5ReferencesAPA block quotation. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.rpi.edu/web/writingcenter/wc_web/school/apa_block_quotation.htmCuddy, M. F., & Fisher, E. R. (2010). Investigation of the roles of gas-phase CF2 molecules andF atoms during fluorocarbon plasma processing of Si and ZrO2 substrates. Journal ofApplied Physics, 108(3), 033303. doi:10.1063/1.3467776Stevens, J.R. (2008). The signal phrase. Retrieved from http://www.englishdiscourse.org/signal.html

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