In what ways was American democracy an illusion in the 1820s-1840s? a

In what ways was American democracy an illusion in the 1820s-1840s?

a. Although all white men began life with equal opportunities, women and African and Native
Americans did not.
b. Despite the impression that people had equal opportunities, distinctions of dress and education persisted.
c. Not only were women and African and Native Americans excluded, but even the idea that all white men began life with equal opportunities was false.
d. Only landowners could vote, and as there were so few landowners in the United States, suffrage was not universal even among white men.
e. An increasing level of illiteracy led to the press focusing on issues of interest mainly to the wealthy and highly educated members of society.

ANSWER
A