Go to the following page for an explanation and directions

QUESTION

10/12/2015AssessmentWelcome to Exercise 4: Which Way is Up?Go to the following page for an explanation and directions for Exercise #4 (opens in a pop up window),read the text, watch the short video, and then come back to complete the Exercise. Most of thequestions are based on what you will read and see on this page.Once you have watched the video and read all of the content in the directions, answer the following 6questions about which way was up when the rocks in the pictures were formed.You will only get one chance to submit this exercise so be sure to review your answers carefully beforesubmission. You can, however, save your answers as long as you do not submit them first. Do notforget to hit the submit button when you are finished. This exercise will NOT automatically submit sincethere is no time limit (except to submit it by the due date shown on the calendar). This exercise will begraded automatically.Do not neglect to review the content and directions before attempting the questions.A few words on words: If you pour some pancake batter on a hot griddle, the pancake you make is alayer, a quarter of an inch or so thick. One side of your pancake layer is on the bottom, or down, andis being browned against the hot griddle. The other side of your layer is on top, or up, and you canput chocolate chips on it. If you then take your spatula and flip the pancake layer, so the chocolatechips are against the griddle, your layer is now upside­down, because the side that had been up isnow down.1.https://cms.psu.edu/Section/Assessment/Delivery/AssessmentAll.aspx?entryId=D0D8FADDCDA24518A5BDF15ADAE8EBDE1/610/12/2015AssessmentYou walk down the beach on Cape Cod, where waves have been bouncing shells around, includingpieces of moon­snail shells, as shown here. You find 10 identical shell pieces. 9 of the 10 shellpieces appear as shown in one of the pictures (either A or B), and the 10th shell piece looks likethe other picture. It is very likely that the 9 shell pieces look like:A) AB) B2.The picture shows hard stone that was once soft sediment, from the Tonto National Monument,Arizona. Examination of the sample tells a geologist that mud cracking was occurring where thesample formed. When the picture of this sample was taken, the light was shining along the arrow,as shown, making shadows, some of which are indicated by the arrows. Are you looking at theside that was down when the sediment was soft, or the side that was up?A) Side that was downB) Side that was uphttps://cms.psu.edu/Section/Assessment/Delivery/AssessmentAll.aspx?entryId=D0D8FADDCDA24518A5BDF15ADAE8EBDE2/610/12/2015Assessment3.This block of rock fell off the Kaibab cliff near the top of the Bright Angel Trail, just below theSouth Rim of the Grand Canyon, and landed as shown. (No one was hurt by the fall.) Before thematerial in this block was hardened to rock, the material was soft sediment. Soft sediment oftendries out, cracks, and then is buried by more sediment when the water returns. When a limestoneis forming, such as this Kaibab Limestone, the drying and wetting may happen with the tides, or inother ways. The sun was high and hot when the picture was taken, but slanting in from the rightas shown, and we have provided arrows to direct your eye to the shadow from Dr. Alley’s boot toeas well as to another useful shadow. Is the sample upside­down (you are looking at the side thatwas down when the sediment was soft) or right­side up (you are looking at the side that was upwhen the sediment was soft)?A) Upside­downB) Right side uphttps://cms.psu.edu/Section/Assessment/Delivery/AssessmentAll.aspx?entryId=D0D8FADDCDA24518A5BDF15ADAE8EBDE3/610/12/2015Assessment4.Dinosaurs once stomped across much of the planet, sometimes leaving tracks in mud that wereburied in more mud and later hardened to stone. This sample is from the Philmont Scout Ranch inNew Mexico. It is a loose block that fell down from a cliff above. The footprint was made by aTyrannosaurus rex. The print is 33 inches long (almost 3 feet for one foot!) and 28 inches wide,and extended 9 inches deep into the sediment. The sun was shining as indicated, and the blackarrows point to shadows from two of the three toes of the track. Is the rock with the track nowupside­down (you are looking at the side that was down when the sediment was soft) or right­sideup (you are looking at the side that was up when the sediment was soft)?A) Upside­downB) Right side uphttps://cms.psu.edu/Section/Assessment/Delivery/AssessmentAll.aspx?entryId=D0D8FADDCDA24518A5BDF15ADAE8EBDE4/610/12/2015Assessment5.You are a geologist. While walking in the fog one day, you bang into a cliff. After rubbing yoursore nose, you inspect the cliff, and see what is shown in the picture, in a one­foot­square area.You recognize that this cliff is made of “fossil sand dunes”, with wind­blown sand that was laterglued together by hard­water deposits. You are accompanied by a student, who is carrying yourtea and crumpets for you. You sketch four arrows on the cliff, label them as shown, and ask thestudent which of the arrows was pointing up when the loose sand was deposited. Your student isbrilliant, and correctly tells you the answer. The arrow that was pointing up when the loose sandwas deposited is the arrow that is closest to:A) AB) BC) CD) Dhttps://cms.psu.edu/Section/Assessment/Delivery/AssessmentAll.aspx?entryId=D0D8FADDCDA24518A5BDF15ADAE8EBDE5/610/12/2015Assessment6.You are still a geologist, still wandering around in a fog with a tea­and­crumpets­toting student,and you walk into another cliff. This one turns out to be a hardened lava flow. Again, you look at aone­foot­square region, sketch pink arrows with A, B, C, and D on that region, and ask the studentwhich of the pink arrows was pointing up just after the lava flow hardened. To help the student,you draw four additional arrows on the cliff; these are light blue (turquoise) arrows, pointing atbubbles. (If you are not able to distinguish pink from light blue, the four pink arrows are very closeto the four letters A, B, C, and D, and the four light­blue arrows are not close to the letters.) Yousuggest that the student consider the behavior of bubbles in a liquid. These bubbles are within thelava flow, and not in the crust on top of the flow that was chilled very rapidly by the air. Yourstudent is brilliant, and correctly tells you the answer. The pink arrow (close to a letter) that waspointing up when the lava flowed in and slowly cooled is the arrow that is closest to:A) AB) BC) CD) DetaL eunitnoC dna evaStimbuShttps://cms.psu.edu/Section/Assessment/Delivery/AssessmentAll.aspx?entryId=D0D8FADDCDA24518A5BDF15ADAE8EBDE6/6

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