According to the critical theoretical perspective, which of the follow

According to the critical theoretical perspective, which of the following should be held responsible for many of the illnesses of Americans today? (Select all that apply.)

a. Advertisers who market sugar- and fat-saturated food products
b. Alcoholic beverage manufacturers, marketers, and sellers
c. Manufacturers of products that increase morbidity and mortality
d. Corporations who modify their emission rates
e. Restaurants that attempt to keep meal costs low
f.
Tobacco manufacturers who sponsor sports events

ESSAYBID ANSWER

ANS: A, B, C, F
McKinlay (1979) further delineated the activities of the “manufacturers of illness—those individuals, interest groups, and organizations which, in addition to producing material goods and services, also produce, as an inevitable byproduct, widespread morbidity and mortality” (pp. 9, 10). The manufacturers of illness embed desired behaviors in the dominant cultural norm and thus foster the habituation of high-risk behavior in the population. The manufacturers of illness include everyday examples such as the tobacco industry, the alcohol industry, and multiple corporations that produce environmental carcinogens. The existing U. S. Health Care System, in a misguided attempt to help, devotes its efforts to changing the products of the illness manufacturers and neglects the processes that create the products.