A client just had a baby following a long labor and difficult delivery

A client just had a baby following a long labor and difficult delivery. Which of the following nursing diagnoses is formulated correctly?

1. Constipation, due to tissue trauma, manifested by no bowel movement for 2 days
2. Risk for infection, because of new incision, related to episiotomy
3. Ineffective breast-feeding, related to lack of motivation, secondary to exhaustion
4. Altered urinary elimination, secondary to childbirth

ANSWER

Correct Answer: 3
Rationale 1: Manifested is not appropriate wording of the NANDA statement.
Rationale 2: Because of is not appropriate wording of the NANDA statement.
Rationale 3: The problem statement is listed first (NANDA label), followed by the etiology–factors that contribute to or are the cause of the client’s response. The two parts are joined by the words related to, implying a relationship between the two. Adding a second part to the etiology statement makes it more descriptive and useful.
Rationale 4: The problem statement is listed first (NANDA label), followed by the etiology–factors that contribute to or are the cause of the client’s response – lacking in this option.