A nurse is using an upstream intervention when working with the homeless population. Which of the following public health interventions will the nurse most likely use?
a. Case management
b. Outreach
c. Surveillance
d. Community organizing
ESSAYBID ANSWER
ANS: D
Although nurses may use all interventions at all three levels, community/public health nurses working more upstream, at the system level, employ collaboration, coalition building, community organizing, advocacy, social marketing, and policy development and enforcement. In contrast, community/public health nurses—working downstream with individuals, families, or groups—use surveillance, disease and other health event investigation, outreach, screening, case finding referral and follow-up, case management, delegated functions, health teaching, counseling, and consultation.
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