Which of the following factors is found in the Health Belief Model (HB

Which of the following factors is found in the Health Belief Model (HBM) but not in Pender’s Health Promotion Model (HPM)?

a. Individual perception
b. Likelihood of action
c. Personal threat as motivator
d. Self-efficacy

ESSAYBID ANSWER

ANS: C
Pender’s HPM is a competence or approach-oriented model and, unlike the HBM, does not rely on personal threat as a motivating factor. Both attempt to explain behavior, based on individual perceptions, and both include self-efficacy as a factor. (Although the HBM did not originally have this concept, it was added in the revised model.)