Which of the following would the nurse expect as a normal change in th

Which of the following would the nurse expect as a normal change in the bowel elimination as a person ages?

1. Absorptive processes are increased in the intestinal mucosa.
2. Esophageal emptying time is increased.
3. Changes in nerve innervation and sensation cause diarrhea.
4. Mastication processes are less efficient.

ANSWER

ANS: 4
An expected change in bowel elimination is decreased chewing and decreased salivation, result-ing in less efficient mastication. There is decreased nutrient absorption of the small intestine in the older adult. Esophageal emptying slows, as a result of reduced motility, especially in the lower third of the esophagus. With decreased peristalsis and weakened musculature, the older adult is more prone to constipation. Duller nerve sensations may place the older adult at increased risk for fecal incontinence.