Understand concepts and fundamentals of groupwork,

QUESTION

Turban, Aronson, and LiangDecision Support Systems and IntelligentSystems,Seventh EditionChapter 6Collaborative ComputingTechnologies: Group SupportSystems© 2005 Prentice Hall, Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, 7thEdition, Turban, Aronson, and Liang7-1Learning Objectives• Understand concepts and fundamentals of groupwork,communications, and collaboration.• Examine how computer systems enhance communicationand collaboration.• Understand the principles and capabilities of GSS.• Explore the concepts of time/place frameworks.• Learn how GSS interplays with the concepts of process gainand loss, and task gain and loss.• See how GSS utilizes parallelism and anonymity.• Understand the fundamentals of electronic meetings.• Examine GSS’ three technologies.• Learn how the Web enables GSS, electronic meetings, andcollaborative computing.• Explain hoe distance learning is enabled by GSS.• Show how GSS enhances creativity.© 2005 Prentice Hall, Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, 7thEdition, Turban, Aronson, and Liang7-2Chrysler Scores withGroupware VignetteSCORE initiativeIdentified waste in supply chainEnhanced relationshipsAccessed through Internet or modemEnhanced communication andcollaboration• Used good project managementprinciples•••••© 2005 Prentice Hall, Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, 7thEdition, Turban, Aronson, and Liang7-3Groupwork• Groupwork– Collaboration and communication• Members can be located in different places andwork at different times• Information may be located external to the project• Allows for rapid solutions• May exhibit normal team problems of synergy orconflict• Often Internet based• Groupware tools support groupwork• Work called computer-supported cooperative work• Collaborative computing© 2005 Prentice Hall, Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, 7thEdition, Turban, Aronson, and Liang7-4Communication Support• No collaboration withoutcommunication• Internet supplies fast, reliable,inexpensive support• Groups need not only communication,but information and knowledge© 2005 Prentice Hall, Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, 7thEdition, Turban, Aronson, and Liang7-5Time/Place CommunicationFramework• Effectiveness ofcollaborativegroup dependson– Time• synchronous orasynchronoustransmission ofinformation– Place• location ofparticipants© 2005 Prentice Hall, Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, 7thEdition, Turban, Aronson, and Liang7-6Groupware••••Software providing collaborative support to groupsDifferent time/place applicationsMost use Internet technologiesMost offer one or more capabilities– Electronic brainstorming• Free flow of ideas and comments––––––Electronic conferencing or videoconferencingGroup scheduling and calendarsConflict resolutionModel buildingElectronic document sharingVoting services• Electronic meeting services also available• Enterprise-wide systems expensive in cost and humanresources© 2005 Prentice Hall, Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, 7thEdition, Turban, Aronson, and Liang7-7Popular Groupware• Lotus Notes/Domino(letting users access and create shared informationthrough Notes documents)• Microsoft Net meeting(real-time collaboration package that includes whiteboarding, application sharing, remote desktop sharing• Groove Workspace(and meetings)space for secure discussions, file-sharing, projects,)• Group Systems Meeting Room and On Line• WebEx (is pay-per-use groupware,electronic meetings over the WebIt provides a lowcost, simplified way to hold)© 2005 Prentice Hall, Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, 7thEdition, Turban, Aronson, and Liang7-8Benefits and Problems• Benefits of groupwork– Process gains• Nominal group technique• Delphi method– Technology applied as GSS• Hardware and software combined to enhancegroupwork• Collaborative computing• Problems in groupwork– Process losses– inefficient© 2005 Prentice Hall, Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, 7thEdition, Turban, Aronson, and Liang7-9GSS• Common group activities with computerassistance– Information retrieval– Information sharing• Parallelism• Anonymity– Information use• Support participants– Improve productivity and effectiveness ofmeetings• More efficient decision-making• Increase effectiveness of decisions© 2005 Prentice Hall, Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, 7thEdition, Turban, Aronson, and Liang7-10GSS TechnologyDeployment• Special purpose decision room–––––Electronic meeting roomsSoftware operates across LANAllowed for face-to-face meetingsTrained facilitator coordinates meetingGroup leader structures meeting with facilitator• Multiple use facility––––General purpose computer labEffective way to lower costsTrained facilitator coordinates meetingGroup leader structures meeting with facilitator• Web-based groupware with clients––––Anytime/anyplace meetings with deadlines establishedSoftware bought or leasedNo facility costsFlexible© 2005 Prentice Hall, Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, 7thEdition, Turban, Aronson, and Liang7-11© 2005 Prentice Hall, Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, 7thEdition, Turban, Aronson, and Liang7-12GSS Meeting Process•••••••••Group leader meets with facilitator to plan meeting structure.Participants meet on computers.Group leader or facilitator poses question.Participants brainstorm by entering comments into computer.Facilitator employs idea organization software to sortcomments into common themes.Results are displayed.Facilitator or group leader leads discussion.Themes are prioritized.Highest priority topics are either sent through the processagain for further discussion or a vote is taken.© 2005 Prentice Hall, Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, 7thEdition, Turban, Aronson, and Liang7-13GSS Meeting Process• Standard Process– Exploratory idea generation– Idea organization tool– Prioritization– New idea generation– Selection of final idea• Success based upon effectiveness,reduction in costs, better decisions,increased productivity© 2005 Prentice Hall, Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, 7thEdition, Turban, Aronson, and Liang7-14GSS and DistanceEducation• Classroom collaborative computing advantages– Brainstorming, chat, discussion boards– Distribution of information, lectures• Publishes to course site• Videoconferenced• Consistent materials– Textbooks can be bound or electronic– E-mails and listservs• One-on-one interaction– Allows for global classrooms– Anytime/anyplace with fixed deadlines• Flexible time frame• Doesn’t interfere with work shift– Low delivery costs with large audiences© 2005 Prentice Hall, Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, 7thEdition, Turban, Aronson, and Liang7-15GSS and Distance Education,continued• Disadvantages:–––––––Fewer social interactionsCommunication problemsStudents must be self-starters and highly disciplinedClasses require major technical and administrative supportTechnical infrastructure must be reliableCourses may need to be redesigned for onlineSpecial training• Corporate training online:–––––Allows anytime/anyplace trainingLowers costsDecreases time away from jobsShortens learning processDelivered via Intranet, intranets, extranets, audio and videoconferencing© 2005 Prentice Hall, Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, 7thEdition, Turban, Aronson, and Liang7-16Creativity Support System• Creativity– Fundamental human trait– Level of achievement– Can be learned• Organizations recognize value in innovation• Stimulated by electronic brainstorming software– Free flow idea generation• Creative computer programs––––Smartbots function as facilitatorsIdentify analogies in letter patternsDraw artWrite poems• Computer programs stimulate human productivity© 2005 Prentice Hall, Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, 7thEdition, Turban, Aronson, and Liang7-17Summary• A group support system (GSS) is anycombination of hardware andsoftware that enhances groupwork.© 2005 Prentice Hall, Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, 7thEdition, Turban, Aronson, and Liang7-18

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