A client sustained a significant loss of blood after a motor vehicle a

A client sustained a significant loss of blood after a motor vehicle accident. The nurse notes that the client’s urine output has decreased and suspects that which hormones have influenced this client’s fluid balance?

1. Aldosterone
2. Angiotensin
3. Antidiuretic hormone
4. Estrogen
5. Progesterone

ANSWER

Correct Answer: 1, 2, 3
Rationale 1: Aldosterone promotes sodium retention in the distal nephron, reducing urine output.
Rationale 2: Angiotensin acts directly on the nephrons to promote sodium and water retention.
Rationale 3: When serum osmolality rises, antidiuretic hormone is produced, causing the collecting ducts to become more permeable to water. This increased permeability allows more water to be reabsorbed into the blood. As more water is reabsorbed, urine output falls and serum osmolality decreases, because the water dilutes body fluids.
Rationale 4: Estrogen is not a hormone that participates in fluid balance in the body.
Rationale 5: Progesterone is not a hormone that participates in fluid balance in the body.