The nurse is reviewing collected data from a client. Which information

The nurse is reviewing collected data from a client. Which information should the nurse identify as a physiological barrier to defend the client’s body from microorganisms?

1. Heavy smoking
2. Moisturizing the skin
3. Breakdown of skin
4. Voiding quantity sufficient

ANSWER

Correct Answer: 4
Rationale 1: Heavy smoking does not defend the body from microorganisms; it destroys the cilia in the nose that help to filter organisms.
Rationale 2: Moisturizing the skin can allow microorganisms to enter the body.
Rationale 3: Breakdown of the skin can allow microorganisms to enter the body.
Rationale 4: Voiding quantity sufficient is a barrier that helps the body defend itself against microorganisms. The act of voiding flushes those organisms that might try to enter the body through the urinary meatus.