According to Carper, which way of knowing reflects the science of nurs

QUESTION

According to Carper, which way of knowing reflects the science of nursing?

1. Empirical knowing
2. Personal knowing
3. Esthetic knowing
4. Ethical knowing

ANSWER:

Correct Answer: 1

In Carper’s framework, empirical knowing represents the science of nursing that emphasizes generation of theory that is systematic and controlled by factual evidence. Esthetic knowing represents the art of nursing. Personal knowing focuses on interpersonal processes and the therapeutic use of self. Ethical knowing represents a pattern of knowing related to what ought to be done and focuses on matters of obligation.